Scheduler concept

template<class S>
  concept scheduler =
    copy_constructible<remove_cvref_t<S>> &&
    equality_comparable<remove_cvref_t<S>> &&
    requires(E&& e) {
      execution::schedule((E&&)e);
    };

None of a scheduler's copy constructor, destructor, equality comparison, or swap operation shall exit via an exception.

None of these operations, nor a scheduler type's schedule function, or associated query functions shall introduce data races as a result of concurrent invocations of those functions from different threads.

For any two (possibly const) values x1 and x2 of some scheduler type X, x1 == x2 shall return true only if asio::query(x1, p) == asio::query(x2, p) for every property p where both asio::query(x1, p) and asio::query(x2, p) are well-formed and result in a non-void type that is EqualityComparable (C++Std [equalitycomparable]). [Note: The above requirements imply that x1 == x2 returns true if x1 and x2 can be interchanged with identical effects. A scheduler may conceptually contain additional properties which are not exposed by a named property type that can be observed via asio::query; in this case, it is up to the concrete scheduler implementation to decide if these properties affect equality. Returning false does not necessarily imply that the effects are not identical. —end note]

A scheduler type's destructor shall not block pending completion of any receivers submitted to the sender objects returned from schedule. [Note: The ability to wait for completion of submitted function objects may be provided by the execution context that produced the scheduler. —end note]

In addition to the above requirements, type S models scheduler only if it satisfies the requirements in the Table below.

In the Table below,

s denotes a (possibly const) scheduler object of type S,
N denotes a type that models sender, and
n denotes a sender object of type N

Table 27. Scheduler requirements

expression	return type	operation semantics
`execution::schedule(s)`	`N`	Evaluates `execution::schedule(s)` on the calling thread to create `N`.

execution::start(o), where o is the result of a call to execution::connect(N, r) for some receiver object r, is required to eagerly submit r for execution on an execution agent that s creates for it. Let rc be r or an object created by copy or move construction from r. The semantic constraints on the sender N returned from a scheduler s's schedule function are as follows:

If rc's set_error function is called in response to a submission error, scheduling error, or other internal error, let E be an expression that refers to that error if set_error(rc, E) is well-formed; otherwise, let E be an exception_ptr that refers to that error. [Note: E could be the result of calling current_exception or make_exception_ptr.] The scheduler calls set_error(rc, E) on an unspecified weakly-parallel execution agent ([Note: An invocation of set_error on a receiver is required to be noexcept]), and
If rc's set_error function is called in response to an exception that propagates out of the invocation of set_value on rc, let E be make_exception_ptr(receiver_invocation_error{}) invoked from within a catch clause that has caught the exception. The executor calls set_error(rc, E) on an unspecified weakly-parallel execution agent, and
A call to set_done(rc) is made on an unspecified weakly-parallel execution agent ([Note: An invocation of a receiver's set_done function is required to be noexcept]).

[Note: The senders returned from a scheduler's schedule function have wide discretion when deciding which of the three receiver functions to call upon submission. —end note]